 |
Lodging Econometrics Announces Total US Construction Pipeline of 5,883 Projects/785,547 Rooms at Mid-Year |
|
Developer Optimism Now Waning in Response to a Less Favorable Economic and Lending Environment |
Lodging Econometrics (LE), the Global Authority for Hotel Real Estate, has released its US Construction Pipeline Report for Q2 2008, announcing 5,883 projects with 785,547 guestrooms in the Total Pipeline. Showing only a moderate quarter-over-quarter (QoQ) increase, project and guest room counts in the Total Pipeline are at new peak levels, but appear to be cresting. New visibility on the economy, the lending crisis and lodging operating trends emerged during the second quarter, which served to dampen developer sentiment considerably. As a result, key development metrics have softened, indicating that both project migration within the existing Pipeline and the pace of New Project Announcements into the Pipeline are beginning to ebb.
Total rooms Under Construction are at a record high of 242,229. Further, Early Planning totals of 1,423 projects/215,398 rooms are at historic highs, while those Scheduled to Start Construction in the Next 12 Months, a total of 2,737 projects, are at a record level as well.
All projects in the Pipeline have dedicated land parcels, are being actively pursued by developers and have been verified by the brands.
Availability of Lending Drives Development
For the first time in this cycle, the migration of projects up the Pipeline stalled significantly in Q2, clearly demonstrating that the lending crisis is now creating a serious drag within the Pipeline. Projects from the 'Scheduled Starts Next 12 Months' stage did not flow forward proportionately into 'Under Construction,' and are likely to continue to be impeded.
For some time, there has been no financing available at either the Wall Street or National Bank level. During Q2, balance sheet problems began to surface in regional banks and some community banks too. It is becoming more increasingly difficult to source financing for 100-200 room projects, which account for 44% of the Total Pipeline, as well as the majority of upscale and mid-market projects currently in the Pipeline.
The withdrawal of lending from the economy is growing more serious for developers. The highly credentialed investor group with an exceptional hotel project, able to invest a large equity slice and absorb difficult lending terms may gain access to financing. However, the overall availability of financing is quite thin, forcing many developers to the sidelines. With few signs that conditions will change before mid-year 2009 at the earliest, Pipeline totals will likely decline over the next 4-6 quarters.
In the months ahead, the 'Starts' stage will remain disproportionately large, as many developers are required by their franchise agreements to start construction within 12 months. Numerous agreements are likely to be extended, as everyone awaits a resolution to the lending crisis.
Since most New Project Announcements enter the Pipeline in Early Planning, that stage will back up as well, as developers continue project planning despite not knowing exactly when financing will again become available.
Project Migration Within the Pipeline is Slowing
As would be expected, Q2 Construction Starts declined to 381 projects/47,107 rooms, down 78 projects/4,757 rooms from Q1. Despite the decrease, this is still a healthy level that will contribute to New Hotel Openings late in 2009 and in 2010.
Another sign of shifting developer sentiment is the acceleration of Project Cancellations. In Q2, 327 projects/48,452 rooms were officially cancelled. This is the highest number seen since Q4 2001 in the immediate wake of 9/11.
One Cycle Ends, Another Begins
Developers had initially hoped that the lending crisis would produce just an abbreviated pause to this decade's economic recovery. However, in Q2 everything changed as most open questions about economic visibility were answered. The problems are now seen as more widespread and more entrenched. We can now conclude that the economic upswing was clipped short by the crisis and officially ended in Q4 2007, drawing to a close one of the most anemic recoveries in the post-World War II era, and that a new downward cycle has begun, tempering developer bullishness.
The housing crisis, failed debt instruments, weakened Wall Street institutions, and national and regional bank distress have all combined to effectively limit access to credit. At the same time, prices for basic consumer needs, including oil, food and transportation, are soaring. Oil prices at $130 per barrel and gas at $4.00 per gallon affect everything. Tipping points have been reached.
Without access to credit, consumers have cut back substantially on discretionary spending, including travel. In response, affected businesses have been consolidating operations, conducting lay-offs and implementing cost reduction programs, including cutbacks on both individual and meeting-related travel. Travel will continue to soften, particularly in resort destinations, as airline carriers have programmed significant capacity cuts for the fall and winter months.
Many other developed countries are now mirroring our slowdown. They are already experiencing or are set to see a fall-off in economic growth. For emerging economies like China, Russia and India, it will be from a much higher growth rate plateau. With this global economic slowing already underway, inbound tourism from overseas, which has bolstered occupancies on both the East and West coasts, could soften as other countries struggle with rising inflation and less disposable income.
What is remarkable is that with so much economic change being absorbed, the US downturn is still more moderate than what was feared last fall. So far, not a very sharp fall-off or a deep recession, both the economy and the lodging industry have been oscillating, plus or minus, around the zero growth line. A sideways continuation, even prolonged, would not be an unfavorable outcome.
Changing Trends in Lodging Operations
These changes have combined to significantly affect lodging operations. Occupancies are falling, putting increasing pressure on room rates. RevPAR growth, with a consensus forecast of a meager 4.4% at the beginning of the year, finished at +1.5% for the first six months and will likely continue downward as a slow-starting summer travel season unfolds.
Guest room demand is the major culprit at -0.3% year-over-year growth at the end of Q2. Demand growth is likely to be negative for the year, an unhappy consequence and a rare happening. It would be the first negative growth year since 2001 and only the third in the last 25 years.
Most of the larger questions are now answered, but an important one still remains: How long will the downturn last? With a hyperactive Treasury Department and Federal Reserve Bank fashioning solutions and taking bold action to set a floor to the financial fallout, LE's expectation is that it still could persist for another 12 to 18 months. The metric for operators to monitor, as it is for lodging developers, is the return to a normal lending environment. All growth is stymied, and a turnaround cannot begin without greater access to lending.
New Project Announcements Slowing Down
New Project Announcements into the Pipeline are the best metric for measuring developer sentiment, which, in addition to the availability of lending, is now beginning to be influenced by declining trends in existing operations.
Exceeding 100,000 rooms for three consecutive quarters, New Project Announcements reached a cyclical high of 125,442 rooms in Q1, then tailed off sharply in Q2 to 90,793 rooms, a QoQ drop of nearly 28%.
LE expects quarterly New Project Announcements to continue to fade until capital markets are restored. As the average 150-room project is in the Pipeline for approximately 30 months, these declines will not impact New Openings until mid-2010 and early 2011.
New Openings On the Rise as the Pipeline Unfolds
In 1H, 580 New Hotels opened, adding 67,491 guest rooms to Current Supply. From a record peak, the Pipeline is now unfolding in earnest.
LE's Forecast for New Hotel Openings calls for a total of 1,218 hotels/135,373 rooms to open in 2008, a 2.9% gross growth rate, and 1,508 hotels/165,425 rooms to open in 2009, a 3.4% gross growth rate. The net change for New Supply will likely be ± 0.3%-0.5% lower. With 1,723 projects/242,229 rooms currently Under Construction, LE's Forecast for the next 18 months is virtually certain.
For the first time and however tentatively, LE is forecasting 1,464 hotels/170,974 rooms to open in 2010, also a 3.4% gross growth rate. That's far less than a Pipeline of this size would normally produce. The 2010 Forecast anticipates delays, cancellations and further declines in New Project Announcements. Understandably, the variables are very difficult to tie down with any certainty. The forecast will almost certainly change as more information about the economy, operating trends, the banking crisis and loan availability is gleaned moving forward.
LE's Outlook at Mid-Year
Questions have been answered and visibility is certain. It is not an interruption in the previous growth cycle, but the start of a new, downward cycle that hopefully will lead towards a soft landing.
With both the housing and lending bubbles bursting simultaneously, the downturn is likely to be prolonged. As of yet, it is not steep or recessionary. It is a unique and unusual challenge in that it requires lenders to raise capital in order to re-enter the lending business. They need to rebuild their balance sheets: take write-downs, consolidate and sell assets, cut dividends, find new equity investors, and so on. The process will certainly be long and tedious.
The hope is that the economy does not falter much further while that scenario unfolds. Being tied heavily to the retreating consumer and retrenching businesses, the lodging industry can do nothing but wait for the country's financial problems to resolve while struggling through a period of negative demand growth, pressure on prices and rising operating costs. Margins will suffer and profits will decline, albeit from record peaks established in 2007.
At this time, developers cannot access lending at reasonable terms. If their projects are already in the Pipeline, they cannot progress towards construction. As a result, the Pipeline will likely stall and 'bunch up' over the next 18 months. Cancellations will increase, as they did at the end of the dot-com bubble and again after 9/11.
New Project Announcements into the Pipeline will continue, but at a significantly reduced rate. With New Openings leaving the Pipeline at an accelerating rate, Total Projects in the Pipeline will recede over the next few years, clearing the way for the next development cycle in the middle of the next decade.
On the plus side, the credit crisis will sharply curtail future supply growth, but not until late 2010. In the near term, there will be the appearance of overbuilding because of a widening supply/demand imbalance. In reality, it is not overbuilding but the collapse of demand growth, a rare occurrence. The rate of New Supply coming online over the next 30 months would have been easily absorbed, had the economic recovery not been clipped short.
For now, the consensus is that the slowdown in lodging operating trends will last at least into the second half of 2009, and will likely be followed by a slow, moderate upswing. It's hard to discern what the next economic growth engine will be and when the necessary elements will coalesce to propel it. Only time will tell.
To purchase a copy of LE's Global Construction Pipeline Report & Forecast for New Hotel Openings or to inquire about Construction Pipeline Reports for a specific region, country or market of interest, please contact LE at +1 603-431-8740, ext. 25 or email: info@lodgingeconometrics.com.
Lodging Econometrics (LE) of Portsmouth, NH is the global authority for hotel real estate. LE conducts Supply Side research for all markets, developers and brands and companies in: U.S., Canada, Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, Europe, Asia, Middle East, South America, and Africa.
|
|
|
 |
|
 |
|
|
|
Post Release
Get Content
Email News Brief
Saved Articles
Advertising
Handheld
XML/RSS
PDF this article
Post News